Laws Courts And Policies Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Laws, Courts, And Policies Essay, Research Paper Sep. 16 1999 Law, Courts, Politics Data/Analysis The American President # 8217 ; s and Their Judges The selecting of Judgess to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals is the obligation of the United States President. This obligation does non travel without its advantages. Since the statute can on occasion be # 8220 ; adaptable # 8221 ; when make up ones disapproving of an occurrence, a president is in all probability making a trip to take an equity with indistinguishable foundation and finishes from he. The Number of Judges Appointed A president can name the same number of Judgess as he wishes. During the last 10 administrations the aggregate of Judgess delegated went from 12 to seventy eight during an entire presidential term and 3.6 to 14 for each twelvemonth. At the point when the figure of Judgess is separated into what number of per twelvemonth by president a structure shows up. It appears that the figure of designated Judgess per twelvemonth per president expanded and crested during the Carter mature ages. We will compose a custom article test on Laws Courts And Policies Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Carter, with a major 14 for every twelvemonth, totaled to 56 during his four twelvemonth term. In spite of the fact that Reagan named an entirety of 78 it was all during eight mature ages of presidential term. In this way, after the extremum of President Carter there was a moderate however consistent lessening. In an expedient impression, one may accept that President Reagan had the most outcome on the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. It is non until you investigate the data that the acknowledgment is that President Carter stuffed 4.25 % more per twelvemonth into the judges’ seats. Shrubbery and Clinton Ideological groups Without hindering down into per centums the distinction in cute gift is clear among Bush and Clinton. President Bush named 34 republican Judgess, two vote based Judgess, and one autonomous equity. Clinton delegated 41 popularity based Judgess, three republican Judgess, and four autonomous Judgess. The thing that matters is because of the president # 8217 ; s ain ideological group. A president is bound to name an equity that has indistinguishable political convictions from he does. Sexual orientation Democrats and republican are distinctive in that Democrats are progressively expansive and republican increasingly preservationist. This can outcome farther into the president # 8217 ; s assignments of Judgess. Democrats are bound to name a higher per centum of grown-up females to the councils than a republican would. This is indicated plainly by the distinction in sexual orientation task by Bush and Clinton. President Bush selected 8.9 % grown-up females while Clinton designated 33.3 % grown-up females. There is a distinction of 23.4 % between the two presidents! When again this is because of their convictions drawn from their ideological groups. Race

The Beginnings of the Sectional Crisis :: American America History

The Beginnings of the Sectional Crisis During the before the war time frame, the North and the South were direct inverses. This prompted each side survey itself as prevalent and review the different as in reverse. Each side trusted itself to be predominant, in all angles, to the next. The purposes behind these feelings can be found in the distinctive monetary, social, and social frameworks found in these two areas. The Southern economy was basically farming. This economy, in the same way as other horticultural economies, didn't take into consideration a lot of social versatility. The South additionally needed plants, or much industry. Nonetheless, this was not the fundamental contrast between the North and the South. Generally alarming to Northerners was that the South utilized slaves as its fundamental wellspring of work. Clearly, Northerners would be horrified by the brutality related with bondage, the beatings, the partition of families; yet they were most certainly not. Generally shocking to Northerners was that subjection didn't support social portability, training, or modern development in a general public. This was in direct clash with northern perspectives. The North had consistently been an enterprising society. Since the time the Transportation Revolution of the mid nineteenth century, the North advanced while the South deteriorated. The North created steel and iron while the South's for the most part delivered cotton. It is not necessarily the case that the South was not a monetarily prosperous area, yet it was simply not worked in the North's picture of productive. The South didn't appear to have an issue with the arrangement of bondage. All things considered, for what reason would it be a good idea for them to? it had been effective for more than 200 years. Rather, they considered the To be as a pitiless society loaded with the injustices brought about by free enterprise. They saw industrial facility fill in as wage bondage while they saw Southern subjugation as paternalistic and big-hearted. Slavery, they fought, disposed of all class qualifications in Southern culture. In the North, they saw, processing plant proprietors got rich while their workers lived in a condition of neediness. Subjection was the extraordinary unifier of Southern culture. Poor Southerners additionally bolstered the curious establishment, since it guaranteed that even the most unfortunate white man was higher than a dark man was. This was the reason Southerners said it saved social request. Servitude, basically, gave poor whites somebody to look downward on and ridicule. To an agrarian culture the protection of an inflexible class framework is of essential concern, lamentably, this was the main way the South could save it was through bondage.

9 Reasons I Adore Jillian Tamaki and You Should Too

9 Reasons I Adore Jillian Tamaki and You Should Too Kate Beaton, comic creator extraordinaire responsible for  Hark! A Vagrant, calls Jillian Tamaki King Midas. Kate Beaton does not lie. Ive loved everything Jillian Tamaki has written or illustrated from Skim to This One Summer to SuperMutant Magic Academy to her illustrations for book covers to her freelance work  and on. Here are nine reasons you should love her too. 1. She can draw anything from a stunning, lushly detailed landscape… … to a little girl rocking out with so much movement it jumps off the page… … to a quick, pared-down sketch that still communicates just as much feeling. (Also, I totally ship Marsha and Wendy.) 2. She and her cousin Mariko Tamaki co-create characters who feel real and reflect actual people with different sexualities and body types, like Skim, a not-slim lesbian teenager whos trying to figure herself out and who I related to so much. 3. She created one of my favorite characters, Frances from SuperMutant Magic Academy, who fights  back against  the male gaze… … and makes feminist statements through  performance art. 4. She defends all-around appreciation of asses. 5. Her attention to detail can make you time travel back to your childhood and your messy bedroom… … and your angsty teenage years, mutant or not. 6. She has illustrated the covers for some of the most beautiful books you’ve ever seen, from Black Beauty… This series has French flaps that are illustrated too. And the inside of the cover looks like the back of a piece of embroidery! … to The Secret Garden… THOSE FRENCH FLAPS THAT INSIDE DETAIL … to Emma… Seriously. French flaps. Still swooning at that level of detail. … to Les Miserables… … to Obasan… … to Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Seas… THOSE ENDPAPERS AND it has illustrations by her inside. … and Goblin Market. 7. She understands the importance of a quest for that one special food. 8. Her illustrations for freelance clients, like  these portraits for the New York Times  By the Book  series, have the most beautiful use of colors… … and are a moving addition to articles, like in this personal essay  about trichotillomania. 9. Plus she was really nice to me even though I was super awkward to her when I met her at TCAF. Sign up to The Stack to receive  Book Riot Comic's best posts, picked for you. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Slavery Fight For Freedom Essay - 802 Words

Slavery Fight for Freedom During the course of the slave trade millions of Africans became involuntary immigrants to the New World. Some African captives resisted enslavement by fleeing from slave forts on the coast of West African. Others mutinied on board slave trading vessels, or cast themselves into the ocean, rather facing death than enslavement. In the New World there were those who ran away from their owners, ran away among the Indians, formed maroon societies, revolted, feigned sickness, or participated in work slow downs. Some sought and succeeded in gaining liberty through various legal means such as quot;good servicequot; to their masters, self-purchase, or military service. Still others seemingly acquiesced and learned to†¦show more content†¦Series of complex colonial laws began to reform the status of Africans and their connection to slavery. The United States outlawed the transatlantic slave trade in 1808, but the domestic slave trade and illegal importation continued for several decad es. Captured Africans were sold at auction as quot;chattel,quot; like inanimate property or animals. Many literate ex-slaves discussed the degradation and humiliation they felt when they were treated like quot;cattle.quot; Advertisements used in the North as well as the South before the Civil War, advertised the sale of slaves and land, the availability of employment for an overseer, a recall of debts, and a reward for anyone who captured slaves. In November 1841 the 135 enslaved African Americans on board the ship Creole overpowered the crew murdering one man while sailing from Hampton Roads, Virginia, to New Orleans, Louisiana. Led by Madison Washington, they sailed the vessel to Nassau, Bahamas, where the British declared most of them free. An author, William Channing, argues the American claims that the property of U.S. slave owners should be protected in foreign ports. There was a huge diplomatic controversy that followed, Ohio Congressman Joshua Giddings argued that once the ship was outside of U.S. territorial waters, the African Americans were entitled to their liberty and that any attempt to re-enslave them would be unconstitutional. Censured by the House ofShow MoreRelatedSlavery Fight for Freedom804 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Fight for Freedom During the course of the slave trade millions of Africans became involuntary immigrants to the New World. Some African captives resisted enslavement by fleeing from slave forts on the coast of West African. Others mutinied on board slave trading vessels, or cast themselves into the ocean, rather facing death than enslavement. In the New World there were those who ran away from their owners, ran away among the Indians, formed maroon societies, revolted, feigned sicknessRead MoreThe Civil War : Opposing Slavery1139 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the Civil War: Opposing Slavery â€Å"By 1860, the South contained more slaves than all the other slave societies in the New World combined’ (Roark, 331). Slavery was the backbone of the American Southern states’ economy, a highly controversial topic, and eventually the cause of the American Civil war. Even before the Civil War, there were many American groups who opposed slavery. In the early 19th century there were several forces that opposed slavery, both in the North and the South, they usedRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Revolutionary Era925 Words   |  4 Pages The Revolutionary Era was a time for liberal reformation, independence, and a new found united states. An uprising for freedom from Britain’s tyrannic king swept through the colonies and a fight for independence was making it’s way. However, the war with Britain would be no cake walk for the new found colonies and extra reinforcement was needed. African Americans played major roles during the Revolutionary Era by participating in battles such as Lexington, Bunker Hill, and Yorktown. Some were freeRead MoreAfrican American And The American Revolution1277 Words   |  6 Pageshad been born and history had hit another turning point. The impact of the American Revolution and slavery would change the United States both for the good and the bad. The major change in the ideology of liberty and freedom among the states and the classification of blacks both enslaved and free were two of the largest impacts of the American Revolution and slavery. â€Å"The concept of chattel slavery has always embodied a profound though subtle contradiction.† (Davis) The North Americans were claimingRead MoreDred Scott Decision Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagesstates was rising. The issue of slavery was a conflict that greatly contributed to this tension. The Northern and Southern people had very different views on slavery. Most of the Northern people thought that slavery was wrong, while the Southern people thought that slavery was justified. During this time, a court case filed by a black slave against his white slave master occurred and it widened the gap between them even more. The idea of a black man suing for his freedom was ridiculous to most of theRead MoreSlavery1305 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery has been in the United States early as 1619. Slaves were brought to America for one thing and one thing only, money. Tobacco took a great amount of work to harvest, but with the slaves help it all got completed. Slaves cost at least three more times than a regular servant for the reason that slavery was their life, it was their job. Regular servants finished their ‘slavery’ time in about 4 years. Slavery really got across the whole country as time passed, and in 1670 the crop, tobacco, tookRead MorePatrick Henrys Fight For Freedom776 Words   |  4 Pagesthe history of the country and which is a reason to fight for is freedom. In Patrick Henry’s speech â€Å"Speech of the Virginia Convention†, 1775, and Steve McQueen’s â€Å"12 years a slave†, 2013, is this idea well presented. Patrick Henry tells his opinion and is trying to convince the convention to attack the South right now. McQueen shows us a film based on a true story in which he tells the story of a black man who gets kidnapped and sold in slavery. He had a job and a wife and two childs. It took himRead MoreThe American Revolution And The Civil War Essay964 Words   |  4 Pagesrun away, seeking freedom. If the runaway slaves were caught, they were often killed or whipped. One individual in particular by the name of Frederick Douglas was very instrumental in the fight for freedom of black slaves. During the Civil War, Douglas recruited African American soldiers for the Union, and he worked after the war for civil rights for the African Americans. (Wheeler, Becker, and Glover page 252). In 1843, Douglass joined other speakers in the American Anti-Slavery Society’s â€Å"HundredRead MoreAbolition Slavery And The United State Of America859 Words   |  4 Pages In the 1840s slavery become a big issue in the United State of America. Since passing the Louisiana Purchase, the United State start expanding their land. They took over the Indian Territory by forcing them to leave the country or to relocate in the different city. The expansion of the United State leads to decide some state should be a free slave. In the 1820s, they passed a low that request 36’30 parallel are decided to be a free state. Abolition slavery becomes a question In the American societyRead MoreSummary Of Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass702 Words   |  3 PagesSlavery (noun): a condition compared to that of a slave in respect of exhausting labor or restricted freedom. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both born into slavery, and both suffered the consequences of American ignorance. Jacobs and Douglass provided a brutally honest truth through their poetry about slavery, and how white Americans interpreted slavery. Everyone was subject to Jacobs and D ouglass’ assessment on how differently people interpreted what slavery meant – just a means of labor

Life In The Inner City - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 361 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/23 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Life Essay Did you like this example? I have been living in the City of Springfield since the mid 1980’s. It is not a secret that we have been experiencing an increase in youth related violence. The Springfield Police even has a gang task force. What we do not have is enough people willing to give young people a â€Å"second† chance. However, we do not give them a first chance to begin with. We do not support any positive youth development programs that allow participants the time and space to plan activities of interest, problem solve, and develop leadership skills. Anything that is youth driven makes adults uncomfortable and highly suspicious. We lack strong young leaders because we want nothing to do with giving them a chance to develop those skills in a safe encouraging environment. There are very few positive youth development activities taking place in our neighborhoods. Youth are often misled to join gangs only to then realize that it is not a productive way to live their lives and earn an honest living. Unfortunately for many of them the realization happens once they have already been charged or convicted for a misdemeanor or a felony. Once they have gotten into trouble and are convicted for a crime, they have even less of a chance to get involved in anything that will enhance their development into healthy, responsible and productive adults. I know first hand how incredibly difficult it is to obtain employment with as much as a misdemeanor on record. I have met numerous young men with a wealth of knowledge and life experience. If someone would just give them a chance, they could leave the past behind and move on to become responsible citizens. In spite of that, they are unable to get passed a job application. They are not given an opportunity to work and earn a living. How discouraging is that. We ought to be interested in CORI reform and supportive of youth-driven programs that prepare youth to make proud choices and gives them a sense of belonging and owner ship before they get into trouble. This is the only way that we can reduce and eventually eliminate the problem of youth violence. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Life In The Inner City" essay for you Create order

Affirmative Action Debate and Economics Free Essays

string(232) " that the removal of race-preferential treatment may actually decrease the ability of the student body since colleges may be inclined to increase legacy-based admissions due to the current economic climate \(Li and Weisman, 2011\)\." Yuching Lin ECON 395 The Affirmative Action Debate Affirmative Action has recently become the center of a major public debate in the United States, which has led to the emergence of numerous studies on its efficiency, costs, and benefits. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ended wage and employment discrimination based on gender and race, significantly decreasing the gap between minorities and non-minorities. Minorities made major progress from the 1960s up through the early 1970s due to Affirmative Action (Jones, Jr. We will write a custom essay sample on Affirmative Action Debate and Economics or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1985). However, for the past few decades, the progress that minorities have made in terms of income, employment and education has largely stagnated. California, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington State have recently banned racial advantage in employment and college admissions, and Proposition 209 of California has disallowed the preferential treatment of minorities, with opponents of Affirmative Action lobbying for more widespread bans on similar policies while supporters argue fiercely against the removal of Affirmative Action policies. As can be seen, Affirmative Action’s status in the United States now is very dynamic due to shifting court decisions and policy plans. Additionally, returns to education have been increasing in recent decades, and as a result, income inequality has also increased – the growing demand for highly skilled workers (workers with high levels of post-secondary education) and the stagnancy of American education (with the added fact that high quality colleges have become even higher quality and even more selective while lower tier colleges have decreased in quality) has led to ever-increasing wages for the highly skilled. This â€Å"Skill Biased Technological Change† has led to a widening income gap between the rich and the poor. Naturally, this considerably affects black and Hispanic minorities, who are more likely than non-minorities to be part of the working class or below the poverty line, which raises the stakes in the debate on Affirmative Action. Today, both sides on the debate can bolster their arguments with evidence provided by economic and social research on the policies. But there are additional questions to be answered – is Affirmative Action justified on moral grounds? Can we balance economic efficiency with equity? Is Affirmative Action the best policy for addressing racial inequalities? Do policies that increase diversity result in positive externalities such as reduced prejudice and indirect benefits beyond education and career success? One will discover that, after thorough analysis of research concerning Affirmative Action, it is still difficult to form a definitive conclusion on the results of the policies. Nevertheless, there is much to learn from the research that has been conducted as of present, and one can now better steer research in a direction that will uncover the real benefits and shortcomings of Affirmative Action. To begin with, the debate on the efficiency of Affirmative Action policies is still very much unsettled. Opponents claim that they actually result in several negative effects on the minorities the policies are intended to benefit, arguing that minority students admitted into overly competitive programs are more likely to drop out than mismatched non-minority students due to the increased competition, which would actually worsen the income gap since black income has been shown to decrease even more than white income after dropping out of college (Loury, 1995). A proposed â€Å"stigma hypothesis† suggests that â€Å"preferential treatment perpetuates the impression of inferiority† while simultaneously lowering incentives for high academic effort from minorities (Murray, 1994). And yet another underperformance hypothesis by Steele (1990) suggests that blacks’ academic performance suffers when they are aware that normal standards are lowered in order to accommodate them. However, there exists no research with strong, conclusive results that support these claims – in contrast, the â€Å"race difference in graduation rates is no larger at the most selective institutions,† and blacks have been shown to benefit from the increased admission to selective universities (Holzer and Neumark, 2000). A study by Cortes (2010) on the Texas Top 10% Plan claims that the banning of Affirmative Action actually increases college dropout rates for minorities and finds that the mismatch hypothesis is inaccurate. Because quantifying the economic benefits of Affirmative Action is exceedingly complicated, comparing the total costs and benefits of the policy becomes exceptionally difficult for policy-makers. Holzer and Neumark (2000) note that university admissions policies are not necessarily economically efficient to begin with, which further complicates matters since researchers do not have a definitive point of efficiency to which they can compare the results of Affirmative Action. Administrative costs and externalities must also be factored into the models, when economists have not yet even managed to create a viable model for the effects of Affirmative Action policies. For example, minority students in medical school are less likely to reach as high a level of expertise as non-minorities, but they are more likely to treat minority patients, generating a positive externality (Holzer and Neumark, 2000). Another point made in the debate on Affirmative Action is that diversity may improve the educational quality of a university. Many educators believe that diversity in colleges is inherently beneficial – students can learn from other students whose experiences and backgrounds give them a whole different set of views and capabilities. Several studies have actually correlated increased diversity in student bodies with improvements in issues such as racial prejudice and bias, although results vary depending on study design, extent and type of diversity, and the issue of interest (Bowman, 2010). Even so, other researchers are likely to reject such evidence since variables such as attitudes, inter-racial relations, and even school quality (as a result of increased diversity) are difficult to define and accurately quantify (Holzer and Neumark, 2000). Research has often demonstrated very unclear results, usually only weakly suggesting a few conclusions while also providing sometimes conflicting conclusions; one study on the effects of diverse student bodies found that there was no effect on post-college earnings, an increase in satisfaction with college experiences, and a decrease in community service (Hinrichs, 2011). Interestingly, a recent study in college admissions based on merit, race, and legacy suggests that the removal of race-preferential treatment may actually decrease the ability of the student body since colleges may be inclined to increase legacy-based admissions due to the current economic climate (Li and Weisman, 2011). You read "Affirmative Action Debate and Economics" in category "Papers" However, they do also propose that there is a possibility that colleges would need to eliminate all preferences barring merit in order to produce the most-able student body. Overall, it is generally agreed that more accurate methods for measuring school quality and the quality of school inputs are necessary if more conclusive results on education differentials’ effects on unobserved skills, attitudes, and racial income inequality are to be found. While it is without a doubt that Affirmative Action increases admission and employment rates for minorities, there is much speculation as to whether it is the most effective policy. Researchers are not confident yet of how different variables interact to affect income, employment rates, and other indicators of success. As a result, one will often find seemingly conflicting data as exemplified by Card and Krueger’s (1992) findings that â€Å"5-20% of the post 1960 black gains were due to improved school quality† while Smith and Welch (1989) claimed that 20-25% of black gains were a result of improved school quantity, which they asserted should be the focus of educational policies. Moreover, it is well known that employers often discriminate based on race, whether purposefully or unconsciously, and that this significantly impacts labor market outcomes. Affirmative Action can only do so much to address employment discrimination – in some models, the issue of negative racial stereotypes can be exacerbated by the application of such policies (Holzer and Neumark, 2000). In addition, some suggest targeting education inequalities in primary and secondary education as opposed to implementing race-preferential treatment in post-secondary education as a more efficient and equitable policy, although efforts such as NCLB have only slightly improved primary and secondary education inequalities. The primary and secondary education quality in the United States is in dire need of improvement already; high school graduation rates have stagnated, and school quality is falling behind when compared to the educational systems of other developed countries. There also exist other complicated variables that need to be addressed in order to close the income gaps between minorities and non-minorities such as the inheritance of learning abilities/behavior, ghetto culture, and the underclass (Jencks, 1993). As one can expect, research concerning controversial issues often suffers from researcher bias. Economic research typically entails numerous variables and methods in order to reach conclusions, and more often than not, results are varied and ambiguous, especially in this particular branch concerning Affirmative Action. It is a simple matter to selectively exclude certain results in order to make it appear as if a research study conclusively supports or rejects Affirmative Action as a beneficial policy, should one wish to do so. Literature searches can quickly turn up very obviously biased articles with weak evidence and unreasonable claims. Furthermore, past research has indicated that the types of models used in studies can have a significant impact on the results, further obfuscating the conclusions on the effectiveness of the policies. In fact, as of present, research on the policies has resulted in mostly ambiguous conclusions, although it is of my opinion that studies in general very slightly lean toward suggesting that Affirmative Action is beneficial as a whole – research studies that conclusively reject Affirmative Action as a viable policy are few and far between, and it is even difficult to find studies that demonstrate significant negative effects. In order to obtain more accurate data, researchers would optimally be able to create experimental studies with control and treatment groups, but this is very unlikely to occur due to the unethical properties of such studies. Clearly, it has become even more imperative that researchers improve models on the efficiency of Affirmative Action policies in order to obtain more reliable data to demonstrate with greater confidence the effects of the policy. Of course, these topics only cover the economic justifications for Affirmative Action, which is clearly also a matter of social justice. There is an endless cycle of philosophy-based debates on the policy – should we as a society aim for equity or efficiency? If we are willing to sacrifice some efficiency for equity, how much is optimal? There is also the question of whether society has a responsibility to â€Å"[remedy] the present effects of past discrimination,† which begins another entire debate about the responsibility of people today for wrongs committed by ancestors (Jones Jr. , 1985). Some also believe that Affirmative Action devalues the achievements of minorities since credit may be given to race-preferential treatment instead of to the individuals who accomplish those feats; this can lead to further racial prejudice and bias, possibly encouraging the continuation of racial discrimination in job employment. There are also suggestions that perhaps policies ought to focus on helping the part of the minority population with low socioeconomic status so as to avoid situations in which wealthy black students may be given preferential treatment over more qualified white students living below the poverty line. The debate over Affirmative Action for women is also just as controversial, for women also suffer from income inequality, but they still receive the same advantages that their male siblings receive. Therefore, one can argue that women are not put at a disadvantage early on in life and that they should not require preferential treatment in admissions or employment. In fact, women who benefit from Affirmative Action are much less likely than racial minorities to be lower-qualified and less-skilled, suggesting that implementing a preferential treatment policy may be inequitable in this case. Even more abstract of an argument is the claim that men and women will never reach perfect equality since they inherently desire different careers and hold differing aspirations for lifetime achievements. As can be seen, there is literally a myriad of issues that factor into the debate on Affirmative Action. The field of research concerning the topic is beset by the typical problems plaguing education and economics research – education quality and educational inputs to schools are difficult to measure, as are the effects on income, employment rates, job characteristics, etc. The lack of experimental data lends no help. The effects of nationally implemented legislation are difficult to track and quantify because of differences over time and across states (Altonji and Blank, 1999). Compiling data at a national level is also vastly time-consuming and challenging. Though neither side has conclusive evidence that supports their argument, studies that reveal tentative conclusions on the effects of Affirmative Action policies are emerging, and models are slowly approaching real-world utility. As research continues, hopefully the accumulation of data and models will allow researchers to uncover the true effects of Affirmative Action. References Altonji, Joseph G. and Rebecca M. Blank. 1999. â€Å"Race and Gender in the Labor Market. † In Handbook of Labor Economics, edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David E. Card, 3143- 3259. San Diego: Elsevier B. V. Bowman, Nicholas A. 2010. â€Å"College Diversity Experiences and Cognitive Development: A Meta Analysis. † Review of Educational Research 80(1):4-33. Card, David and Alan B. Krueger. 1992. â€Å"School quality and black-white relative earnings: a direct assessment. † Quarterly Journal of Economics 107:151-200. Cortes, Kalena E. 2010. â€Å"Do Bans on Affirmative Action Hurt Minority Students? Evidence from the Texas Top 10% Plan. † Economics of Education Review 29(6):1110-1124. Dong, Li and Dennis L. Weisman. â€Å"Why Preferences in College Admissions May Yield a More- Able Student Body. † Economics of Education Review 30(4):724-728. Hinrichs, Peter. 2011. â€Å"The Effects of Attending a Diverse College. † Economics of Education Review 30(2):332-241. Holzer, Harry and David Neumark. 2000. â€Å"Assessing Affirmative Action,† Journal of Economic Literature 38:483-568. Jencks, C. 1993. Rethinking Social Policy: Race, Poverty, and the Underclass. New York: HarperPerennial. Jones Jr. , James E. 1985. The Genesis and Present Status of Affirmative Action in Employment: Economic, Legal, and Political Realities. † Iowa Law Review 70:901-923. Loury, Linda D. and David Garman. 1995. â€Å"College Selectivity and Earnings. † Journal of Labor Economics 13:289-208. Murray, Charles. 1994. â€Å"Affirmative Racism,† In Debating Affirmativ e Action: Race, Gender, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Inclusion, edited by Nicolaus Mills. 191-208. New York: Delta. Steele, Shelby. 1990. The Content of Our Character. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Smith, James P. and Finish Welch. 1989. â€Å"Black Economic Progress after Myrdal. † Journal of Economic Literature 27:519-564. How to cite Affirmative Action Debate and Economics, Papers

Entrepreneurship Business Australia Premier Chocolate Families

Question: Discuss about the case study Entrepreneurship Business for Australia Premier Chocolate Families. Answer: Introduction: 1. Darrell Lea is one of the Australias premier Chocolate families. The company had seen a four-generation long rise and then fall to oblivion. The company at one time had 83 stores and managed 900 distribution licenses along with more than 1200 staffs (Ward, 2016). However, due to the inefficiency of family members, the $100 million business was insolvent in the year of 2012. According to Mller and Timofeev (2016), family businesses are by definition three overlapping systems. These three systems are such as family, owners, and managers-employees. From this three-circle model, it has been found that there are mainly three types of owners (Weiss, 2016). These include owners who work in the company but do not own any share, owners who have shares in the company but do not work and family owner-employees. Overlapping of these circles can create confusion and give rise to a conflict of interests (Gosnell, 2015). Figure 1: Three-circle model of family business (Source: Weiss, 2016) Jason Lea had first spotted the brewing trouble during the late 1990s. He could see the inevitable after he became the Managing Director. He had come across the three circle model and appreciated the confusion that occurred in the innermost segment. For this reason, Jason had dismissed his own son and brother (belonging to the employee owner segment of the three-circle model) from the company due to their incompetence. He also sacked himself and started to look for independent management. He had realized that none of the family members (belonging to the innermost section of the three-circle model) were capable enough to handle this business. In the year of 1996, during the 17th anniversary, Jason had appointed an outside chairperson Alan Batley and Jeff Moore, who was the first non-family CEO for the company. As Hartley (2013) stated that, in reality only 33% of the family owned business becomes globally successful. It has been found that only 5% family businesses are able to create shareholder value beyond the 3rd generation. The main reason for failure of the family-owned companies like Darrell Lea is that they had the same leader for 20-25 years. On the contrary, in public owned companies, the average CEO tenure is 6 years. It increases the difficulty for the company to cope up with the shift in technology, business model, trends and consumer behavior. Various other challenges rise due to the overlap of the business circles in the family business of Darrell Lea. These include messy structure and no clear division of tasks (Ward, 2016). In addition, the family business is not able to adapt professional management. Two specific problems have been found for the company Darrell Lea and the first one being the "Spoiled-kid syndrome." The third generation of the Lea family took wealth as an entitlement and began to squander it. The fourth generation of the family had totally lost the spot. Secondly, the family members were resistant to change. They resisted the effort of Jason Lea as he tried to introduce non-family members as CEO and the chairperson. The family had resisted his plans before Jason died in 2005. 2. In the classic case of this classic third-generation family business, the formula is well-known. Pitcher established the chocolate company. The second generation inherited the business and increased it. The problem started to grow in the third generation. They were not able to operate the business properly. The fourth generation of the Lea family had totally lost the plot. Jason Lea, the eldest of the third generation had spotted trouble in 1983. He had sensed the relational sloth. He had dismissed his own son and brother from the business for incompetence. He even sacked himself and hired Allen Batley during 1996. However, this change gave rise to emotional problems in the family. They were disenfranchised overnight. They did not take it lightly (Merig et al., 2016). Once, 13 family members were working in the business. During 2006 there were only three, one of them being Michael Lea's son, Nicholas, who was a management consultant. He provided the slender thread between the family council and the Board. They became resistant towards any change. The company kept on producing products that did not sell and other that they sold at a loss. The management was not able to erase the family entitlements. For all these problems the company was insolvent and placed it in the administration by the creditors. Holmlund Kowalkowski and Biggemann (2016) stated that there were a lot of family members involved in the business but none of them had an interest in running it day-to-day. They did not want to be bothered with the hard work of the business. There were many people involved in the company, but none of them were actually interested in running the daily business. Due to their emotional strain and resistive behavior, $100 million worth company became unsuccessful. 3. The entitlement issue of the company started during the third generation of the family-owned business company Darrell Chocolates. They took the wealth as an entitlement and started to squander it. Most of the CEOs of the company were family members (Marjanovic, Dinter Ariyachandra, 2016). They were operating on a business model that was 40 years old. Many people recommended change, but the board developed by family members knocked it back as they did not want to lose the heritage. According to Sumaya (2016), tradition killed most of the family business. It was applicable to the company Darrell Chocolates also. As a senior member of the company, they were not able to adapt change. There did not want to bother them with the hard work of running the business. There were a lot of people involved in the company, but none of them were actually interested in running the day-to-day business. They never invested their own money into the company when it went to through bad phases. As Weiss (2016) stated that only Jason Lea had the vision and plan. However, nothing had done since his death. 4. Any family business organization, in order to retain its position in future, must consider the task of succession planning in a very serious way. Approximately 88% of the family business owners intend their family members to join the family business. Yet according to the research conducted by Family Firm Institute, 30 % of the family businesses survive into the second generation, and only 3% survive into the fourth generation (Benavides et al., 2013). Darrell Lee belonged to the second generation, and as such he inherited the family business directly from his father. It is noteworthy here that patriarch of the family business, Harry started the business around the time Darrell was born. As such Darrell grew up watching his father introducing innovative business ideas, and adopting strategies, for the successful operation of the business (Darrell Lea, 2016). Darrell not only acquired the necessary business skills, but he gradually developed a clear understanding about the vision of the organization and its immediate goals. As a result, till the second generation, there was no issue at all. However, from the third and fourth generation onwards, issues cropped up, because the family members did not have a thorough understanding about what was happening in the business. These family members did not see the business grow, but found it when it was already established. As a result, they lacked in-depth knowledge about the business operation, and were more concerned with the question of succession. What happens in case of the third and fourth generation is that the family members have a very remote or rather no understanding about the mission, vision or plan of the family business. Although these members intend to represent the status and glory associated with the family business, they lacked the skills, knowledge and expertise needed to operat e the business activities smoothly (Kennedy, 2013). Jason was indeed right, when he thought of recruiting the manager from outside his family. A business organization, that wishes to sustain itself in future, must ensure that the management authority consists of employees who are highly experienced in the field of business. Family emotion should be set aside, and only those family members, who are capable, experienced and resourceful enough must be chosen for succeeding the business. The downfall of a business organization is inevitable, if the successors are not able enough. They have to be qualified, highly experienced in order to sustain the business in a highly competitive world of the 21st century. In absence of a suitable member, the family business may be succeeded by the next generation, but the management authority of the organization should consist solely of non-family members. 5. After the downfall of the family business of the Leas, it was being taken over by the Quinn family. Tony Quinn was highly experienced in the field of business, and as such he had thorough knowledge about the Dos and Donts of running a successful business. As a result, he possessed the necessary business skills and expertise. However, it is equally important for the Quinn family not to repeat the same mistake already perpetrated by the Leas. If a family business is well-managed over the successive years, then its growth can be ensured as well as preserved in the future. However, in case the successors of the Quinn family are lacking in entrepreneurial skills, entrusting the business to the successors would be a wrong decision (Neubauer Lank, 2016). The Quinn family must ensure that family business sustainability is maintained over the coming years. Tony Quinn must inculcate his own long term vision and business values and intentions, in the mind of his son. At the same time, he has to ensure that the basic business values, such as trust, commitment, responsibility, are being carried and passed over from one generation to the next. In case, the family member lacks entrepreneurial skills, he should be wisely kept away, from handling major business decisions (Hall, 2013). The family successors should acquire business management degree from any recognized university, or should at least work in a business firm for a couple of years, before he thinks of participating in the family business. It may also happen that the family successors are willing to join the family business itself. In such a situation, it has to be firmly stated, that the new, inexperienced member would be allowed to work under a strong management authority. For at least two years, he should learn, and try to polish his business skills. An inexperienced, young family member, under no circumstance shall be allowed to take important business decisions. While the older, experienced family members may be entrusted with significant responsibilities, the young and less qualified family members should be provided sufficient training, before they assume important roles in the management authority (Gibbon, 2015). In case, a Quinn family member in future, is not provided the same designation in the family business as his brother, family rivalry and jealousy can crop up, which may destroy the family bond. Hence, the family must keep up a tradition of holding family reunions whereby the young members have to be educated about the necessary rules for conducting business over the coming years. A family council should be set up, comprising of the family members of the older generation, who will take decisions regarding the issue of family succession, depending on the competence of the successors (Pwc, 2016). 6. The false advice here is that one does not need to pay the family members at market rate, since they are earning value elsewhere. It should always be remembered that a business organization can succeed, flourish and prosper, only if it knows how to motivate its employees. Even if the employees are a part of the family, they should always be motivated to work harder. The payment must be made in compliance with the market worth of the job duties being performed. In case a family member is underpaid, he may feel exploited; he may lose interest or enthusiasm in bettering his performance (Prochazka, 2014). This will ultimately lead to the downfall of the family business. Reference list Benavides-Velasco, C.A., Quintana-Garca, C. Guzmn-Parra, V.F., (2013). Trends in family business research.Small Business Economics,40(1), pp.41-57. Dlea, (2016).Darrell Lea. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from https://www.dlea.com.au/ Gibbon, S. F. (2015). Principle of Subsidiarity and the Law of the Family Business, The.BYU J. Pub. L.,30, 199. Gosnell, P. (2015). The challenges of restructuring family-owned businesses. Australian Insolvency Journal,27(3), pp.18-20. Hall, C. (2013).Sustainability Tips From Family Businesses.Forbes.com. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/ey/2013/08/20/sustainability-tips-from-family-businesses/#5552f1c3f974 Hartley, S. (2013). Darrell Lea's rocky road.Busidate,21(1), pp.5-7. Holmlund, M., Kowalkowski, C. Biggemann, S., (2016). Organizational behavior in innovation, marketing, purchasing in business service contextsAn agenda for academic inquiry.Journal of Business Research,69(7), pp.2457-2462. Kennedy, B. (2013).Do family-owned businesses have a sustainability advantage?.the Guardian. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/family-owned-sustainable-business-structures Marjanovic, O., Dinter, B. Ariyachandra, T., (2016), Introduction to the Organizational Issues of Business Intelligence, Business Analytics, Big Data Minitrack. In2016 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)(pp. 5011-5011). IEEE. Merig, J.M., Merig, J.M., Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Gil-Lafuente, A.M., Gil-Lafuente, J. Gil-Lafuente, J., 2016. Business, industrial marketing uncertainty.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(3), pp.325-327. Neubauer, F., Lank, A. G. (2016).The family business: Its governance for sustainability. Springer. Prochazka, S. (2014).How to Run a Family Business Without Killing Each Other.Entrepreneur. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/233148 Pwc, (2016).Pwc.com. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from PWC Family Business Survey,. (2014). PWC Family Business Survey. Pwc.com. Retrieved 4 August 2016, from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/services/family-business/governance.html Sumaya, R. (2016, January). Generational Succession And Entrepreneurial Attitude In The Family Business In Baja California. InUnited States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings(p. FZ1). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Ward, J., (2016).Perpetuating the family business: 50 lessons learned from long lasting, successful families in business. Springer. Weiss, J.W., (2016). Business Ethics: A Stakeholder Issues Management Approach, 2014.Cyrus Chronicle Journal,1(1), pp.66-69.

The Emirati Consumers Buying Behaviors

Introduction There is no use denying the fact that modern world is based on market relations. Nowadays, every state is able to exist and function due to the main aspects of market-driven economy. People and organizations buy certain goods and in this way they promote further development of the whole industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emirati Consumers’ Buying Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These regularities are peculiar to the majority of countries in the world nowadays. That is why, it is absolutely vital for coherent society to save existing model as the whole prosperity of the world depends on it. Additionally, it is possible to say that there are regions where some certain sorts of goods are distributed better than others. I t is connected with the peculiarities of development of the area and culture of people who live there (Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates, 20 14). Special demand leads to the development of a certain kind of industry which, in its turn, influences the whole economy of a state. Nevertheless, especially important it becomes if the demand of a customer and his/her buying behavior depend on the presence or absence of a certain kind of goods (Worldwide luxury goods continues double-digit annual growth; global market now tops â‚ ¬200 billion, finds Bain Company, 2013). Under these conditions, the aim of this work is to analyze the Emirati consumer’s buying behaviors based on luxury goods prices and the character of the good of this sort (Pivac, 2014). This question seems to be rather significant within the framework of the development of the UAE industry and market because people, who buy luxury goods, serve as the main force for the development of economy (Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates, n.d.). That is why, it is very important to understand all aspects which influence the choice of these people and mechan isms of the formation of their behavior. Background It is obvious that there is a great number of different scientists who devote their works to the investigation of this very issue. The thing is that being very important, it can influence situation in the region greatly. Nowadays, the UAE is one of the richest states in the world and it is obvious that great attention is given to purchasing ability of its citizens and their buying behavior in order to understand better what kind of goods could be sold better and start manufacturing and promoting these very products (Ligaya, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under these conditions, it becomes very important to understand the situation it the country and world in the whole. Additionally, the UAE can be also characterized by the high level of incomes among youth as very often they are either heritors of a great c apital or partners in some business usually connected with oil manufacturing and distribution (Maceda, 2013). Taking these facts into account, it is possible to say that very often oscillations in the mood of a customer can influence his/her attitude towards a certain good or service and influence his/her decision whether to buy a good or not. That is why, the influence of the positive or negative attitude towards a certain object should also be investigated. Theoretical framework It is no use denying the fact that the issue of consumers buying behavior has its own theoretical basis. It should be said that a great number of different factors influence the attitude of a person towards some good and it, in its turn, influences their final decision whether to buy a good or not. Additionally, there is a great number of additional concepts and forces which influence the process of decision making of a customer. Under these conditions, it should be suggested that the Theory of Reasoned Ac tion could be applied to this issue. This theory states that there are certain factors which influence and predict a behavioral intention of a person and in such a way make him/her buy certain good. That is why, it is possible to say that the main key points of this theory could be used to investigate the problem. To show the possible ways of the implementation of the theory and directions for analysis it is possible to create a conceptual map which takes into account all these issues. With this in mind, it is possible to say that there are at least three important factors which influence decision making and attitude of a customer towards a good.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emirati Consumers’ Buying Behaviors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Study Constructs and Variables Talking about different buying behaviors and attitude of people towards certain goods, it is impossible not to mentio n different statistical data and numbers which are able to show the state of affairs peculiar to the sphere under investigation. With this in mind, it is possible to say that one of the main variables of the whole research will be the level of satisfaction of people while buying certain kinds of goods and answers of consumers connected with the most important aspects of the issue. In order to get the needed variable a special survey is created and conducted among people who live in the UAE. It is also important to admit that statistical data obtained from this survey serves as the basis for the whole research as it helps to obtain clear image of the whole sphere and to analyze preferences of the targeted audience. Additionally, hypothesis, created to support the research with a good theoretical basis and show peculiarities of the issue better, are also discussed in the paper and analyzed with the help of different theories and statistical data. Hypotheses Having outlined the main va riables, concepts and theories which are used in the given research, it is possible to show the main hypothesis of our research and main research questions. Research question Which attitude-processing mode (affective or cognitive) typically helps Emiratis consumers between the ages of 25 and 35 to come to term with a product price? How does their high or low level of involvement moderate this process? Hypothesis 1: The more Emirati consumers are involved towards luxury products, the higher the chance they will make decisions based on their emotions and tend to pay more. Hypothesis 2: The Emirati consumer tends to spend more on locally produced luxury products rather than imported luxury goodsAdvertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hypothesis 3: Cultural peculiarities and financial growth of the UAE have led to the rise of level of involvement of Emirati buyers when it comes to luxury. It becomes obvious that the main aim of the given research is to investigate preferences of the group of population of a certain age to understand peculiarities of customers attitude towards certain price and influence of its size on the intention of a person to buy a good better. Method Sample Description To support the work with clear evidence a special survey is created and conducted. The aim of any survey is to collect reliable and credible information. That is why, it is usually organized in the most clear way for respondents to be able to follow it and answer its questions easily. The survey for this research paper is placed online at https://www.1ka.si/a/68474 for the respondents to be able to participate in it in the form which is the most convenient for them. There are 20 questions in the essay which main aim is to inve stigate the main peculiarities of customers behavior of people in the UAE. The total surveyed number is now 42, with 28 total valid and 14 total invalid (The Emirati consumers buying behavior, n.d). The preferable age of people is between 25 and 35 years. This period is chosen not accidentally as usually at this very period people are more likely to buy some thing which is associated with luxury and a certain lifestyle (Vel, Captain, Al-Abbas, Al Hashemi, 2011). It should also be said that the survey is still available on the site and due to this fact it is possible to monitor situation and add the latest changes to the research admitting the latest variations of the results. Design of the study Taking into account the character of the issue under investigation, the decision to use survey as the main tool which can collect the needed data is accepted. There are several reasons for this choice. It is undeniable fact that consumers behavior is a very personal characteristics which va ries and, that is why, only direct questions connected with the issue can help to find a good answer and determine certain regularities Wit this in mind, a certain survey is designed in order to obtain these answers. Special survey tool OneClick Survey is used for these purposes. This survey is rather efficient and provides a great number of possibilities for data processing. It can help to calculate final results and present regularities and statistics connected with the survey. Additionally, great possibilities for the data analysis are also provided by this very tool. That is why, it is chosen as the main service which can help to collect the needed data and process it, outlining certain peculiarities and regularities for their further discussion. Scale and Questionnaire The design of the survey implies the usage of a certain kind of questions. First of all, it should be said that the majority of questions have several variants and a respondent should choose one which fits the be st his/her demands. Additionally, there are also questions which need detailed answer and there are no certain variants for a respondent to chose them. These questions are needed to understand what factors can influence a persons consumer behavior as it is impossible to take all these factors into account and include them into the survey. Additionally, there are several questions connected with ratings. A person is given the task to evaluate some element of phenomenon for the researchers to be able to understand his/her attitude towards the issue. A respondent should do it using the scale from 1 to 5 where 1 is not important or used rarely and 5 is the most important of frequently used. With this in mind, it is possible to say that it is the combined survey which uses different kinds of questions in order to obtain the most reliable and credible information which could be used in the following research paper. Results The data obtained with the help of the survey can be processed and certain results connected with the peculiarities of consumers behavior in the UAE could be obtained. It should be said that majority of respondents are females (21 women against 7 men). Additionally, it should be mentioned that according to the survey they buy luxury products once a three month and are ready to spend 20-25% of their income on these products. All these results are obtained with the help of analysis of the data provided by the survey. The tool OneClick Survey is used to calculate the data and present it in the form of a table with understandable numbers and results. It should also be said that logic approach is used to analyze the data. Resting on certain facts obtained from the survey it is possible to suggest some ideas connected with the issue. Discussion The results obtained from the survey provide the possibility to make a certain conclusion. First of all, it should be said that there is a great number of factors which influence the process of decision making of consumers in the UAE. These factors are connected with the price of a good and its origin. Resting on the data, obtained from the survey, it is possible to say that low price is not the guaranty that a good will be bought. Moreover, majority of respondents have neutral attitude towards the price of a good. Nevertheless, it should be said that hypothesis that consumers in the UAE prefer to buy luxury goods which are manufactured in the UAE turned out to be irrelevant. According to the survey, citizens of the UAE prefer foreign goods to local ones because of their quality and popularity. However, it is also possible to assume that blistering growth of the level of incomes of people in the UAE can be taken as one of the main reasons of the growth of interest towards luxury goods. Respondents state that the increase of incomes will lead to the further growth of the interest towards this sort of goods. Besides, the majority of respondents state the fact that very often they decide to bu y a good spontaneously. With this in mind, it is possible to say that two hypothesis of our research paper are true and there is a clear evidence to support them. Limitations It should be said that there are certain factors which influence the research. First of all, a small number of respondents should be admitted as this fact does not allow to obtain more reliable information. Additionally, impossibility to question really rich and influential people adds some limits. Direction for the future Research in this area It is possible to suggest further research connected with the issue of luxury goods and consumers behavior in the UAE as it is very important region with a great potential. That is why, possible aftermath of the growth of interest towards some other kinds of goods should be analyzed. Conclusion Having analyzed the main aspects of the Emirati consumer’s buying behaviors, it is possible to make a certain conclusion. It should be said that citizens of the UAE prefer to buy foreign products, without any occasion and very often for some private needs. Additionally, the price does not play significant role as high level of incomes promotes development of the demand on such goods. References Ligaya, A. (2010). Survey suggests luxuries have become a lifestyle in UAE. The National. Retrieved from http://www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/survey-suggests-luxuries-have-become-a-lifestyle-in-uae Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates. (2014). Marketwatch. Retrieved from http://www.marketwatch.com/story/luxury-goods-in-the-united-arab-emirates-2014-08-26 Luxury Goods in the United Arab Emirates. (n.d.). Euromonitor international. Retrieved from http://www.euromonitor.com/luxury-goods-in-the-united-arab-emirates/report Maceda, C. (2013).  UAE demand for luxury goods slows down. Gulf News. Retrieved from http://gulfnews.com/business/sectors/general/uae-demand-for-luxury-goods-slows-down-1.1192486 Pivac, Z. (2014). GCC’s luxury goods market continu es to grow fast. Retrieved from http://www.bqdoha.com/2014/09/gccs-luxury-goods-market-continues-grow-fast The Emirati consumers buying behavior.(n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.1ka.si/admin/survey/index.php?anketa=68474a=analysism=sumarnik Vel, K., Captain, A., Al-Abbas, R. Al Hashemi, B. (2011), Luxury buying in the United Arab Emirates, Journal of Business and Behavioural Sciences, 23(3), pp. 145-160.Retrieved from http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1457context=dubaipapers Worldwide luxury goods continues double-digit annual growth; global market now tops â‚ ¬200 billion, finds Bain Company. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bain.com/offices/middleeast/en_us/press/press-releases/2013-luxury-market-study-release-bain-middle-east.aspx This research paper on The Emirati Consumers’ Buying Behaviors was written and submitted by user Jaidyn Nolan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rivalry Between Beijing vs. Shanghai

Rivalry Between Beijing vs. Shanghai Beijing and Shanghai are arguably China’s two most famous and most important cities. One is the center of government, the other the center of modern commerce. One is steeped in history, the other is a glittering tribute to modernity. You might imagine that the two fit together like yin and yang, complimenting each other, and maybe that’s true... but they also hate each other. Beijing and Shanghai have a fierce rivalry that’s been going on for decades, and it’s fascinating. What Shanghai Thinks of Beijing and Vice Versa In Shanghai, people will tell you Beijing ren (Ã¥Å'â€"ä º ¬Ã¤ º º, â€Å"Beijingers†) are arrogant and uncouth. Although the city is host to more than 20 million people, Shanghai’s denizens will tell you they act like peasants- friendly, perhaps, but blustery and uncultured. Certainly not as refined and fashionable as Shanghaiers! â€Å"They [Beijingers] smell like garlic,† one Shanghai resident told the LA Times in an article on the rivalry. In Beijing, on the other hand, they’ll tell you that Shanghai people only care about money; they’re unfriendly to outsiders and selfish even among themselves. Shanghai men are said to place too much importance on business while being impotent pushovers at home. Shanghai women are supposedly bossy dragon ladies who push their men around whenever they’re not too busy spending their money shopping. â€Å"All they care for is themselves and their money,† a Beijinger told the LA Times. When Did the Rivalry Originate? Although China has dozens of huge cities these days, Beijing and Shanghai have played a major role in China’s culture for centuries. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Shanghai clearly had the upper hand it was the center of Chinese fashion, the â€Å"Paris of the East†, and Westerners flocked to the cosmopolitan city. After the revolution in 1949, though, Beijing became the center of China’s political and cultural power, and Shanghai’s influence waned. When China’s economy was opened up following the Cultural Revolution, Shanghai’s influence began to rise again, and the city became the heart of Chinese finance (and fashion). Of course, it’s not all macroeconomics and geopolitics. Although denizens of both cities would like to believe their cities are more influential, there is also a grain of truth to the stereotypes and jokes that get passed around; Shanghai and Beijing do have very different cultures, and the cities look and feel different. The Rivalry Today These days, Beijing and Shanghai are considered mainland China’s two greatest cities, and although the government being located in Beijing means that Beijing will probably have the upper hand for the foreseeable future, but that hasn’t stopped the two from competing. The Beijing Olympics in 2008, followed by Shanghai’s World Expo in 2010, have been a great source of fodder for comparative arguments about the virtues and faults of the two cities, and denizens of both will argue it was their city that put on the better show when they were on the world stage. Of course, the rivalry also plays out in professional sports. In basketball, a match between the Beijing Ducks and the Shanghai Sharks can be counted on to be contentious, and both teams are among the best in the league historically, though it has been more than a decade since the Sharks made an appearance in the finals. In soccer, Beijing Guoan and Shanghai Shenhua duke it out for bragging rights each year (though again, Beijing has had more recent success than Shanghai in the league). It’s unlikely that Beijingers and Shanghaiers will ever see totally eye to eye. It’s worth noting that the Beijing versus Shanghai feud sometimes even extends the ​city’s expatriate communities, so if you’re looking for a Chinese city to live in, choose wisely.

Host family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Host family - Essay Example This was mainly due to the fact that most of the interactions that I came to experience as well as the culture of the society within which I lived was absolutely different from the one that I was used to. In fact, when one considers my experiences in the United States, one would say that it was a completely opposite from the way of life in China, my home country. When I first learnt that I my application for foreign exchange had been approved and that I was to go to Oregon, United States, I was extremely excited. This was mainly because I had never before left my home country and I was eager to experience another place which was dissimilar from home. I found out that I had been assigned a host family and while I met this news with some apprehension, since I did not know what to expect from these people, I later came to be glad that they had been selected for me. The family that I went to live with were known as the Johnsons, and they were honest and hardworking individuals who were a lso strong in their Christian faith, a fact that I found highly impressive. In my home country, where not many of the people are religious, and the latter is often discouraged, we has often heard rumour that the people in the west only professed the Christian faith yet rarely practiced it. The Johnsons, however, proved this impression to be wrong, and by their taking me into their home and treating me as one of their own, I felt like a real part of their family. Among the things that most impressed me about this family is that they had adopted a girl from China, treating her as if she was their own biological child through their provision of their love and support. Lily, the little girl, had been adopted as a baby when her parents died and she was left an orphan. Despite this tragic beginning of her life, Lily seems to have adjusted well to her new environment, to the extent of not remembering any Chinese, a fact that I learnt from my futile attempts to address her in her native lan guage. In China, I had learnt some English but while this had been the case, when I went for exchange, I could not speak it very well. Despite the language barrier between me and my host family, the latter took in stride and they often encouraged me to express myself the best way that I could through the use of my limited vocabulary. When all attempts at communicating using English failed, and it happened often, we would resort to using signs, a factor of communication that I found to be most interesting. The experience of the Johnsons when raising Lily might have helped a lot in their communication with me since after a fortnight or so; we could communicate with almost no problem at all since we had learnt each other’s speech and sign patterns. Since I went to school with the other two older Johnson children, Josh and Mary, who were close to my age and attended almost the same classes, I found it much easier to adjust to the new school environment than if I had had to go alo ne. These two, who became very close friends and my constant companions, gave me the motivation to learn my English so that I could communicate with them better. My thirst to learn might have also played a role in my wanting to better my English and in all my attempts, the Johnsons often gave me their support. Since I am a fast learner, within a few weeks of living with my host family, I could confidently express

TEXT ANALYSIS ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TEXT ANALYSIS - Assignment Example dy the trial’s circumstances as well as look into the circumstances that resulted to his accuser seek his death as well as the Athens’ people to agree in it. As far as this accusation goes, the scenario is not that different from the religion of St. Theodore of Sykeon. Theodore is sick and this could be a likened to Socrates’ being in court. Just as judges were there to look into the accusations against Socrates, in the cases of the saint there is God as well as the angles who come as doctors. Upon being asked why he is weeping, the saint answers that it is because he is unrepentant (The Life of St. Theodore of Sykeon ,1.2). This represents the accusations against Socrates. One of the major accusations against Socrates was denying gods that the state recognized as well as introducing to the state strange religions instead of such Gods. In the case of St, Theodore, earthly spirits that torment people can be seen. It the saint who continues to do miracles that does away with weaknesses as well as sicknesses. The spirits, weaknesses, as well as these spirits represent earthly gods that the state believes in, in the Socrates’ scenario. Theodore explains that something else that makes him cry is the young believers who need a shepherd. He is afraid that he will die and leave them without one. This is quite common the second accusation directed towards Socrates. That he turned away young people from their parents to serve the new religion he introduced. They accusers called it corrupting the young people. Socrates had associates whom he taught to despise State laws, amongst them, election through lots. Theodore has followers too: those who liked his works left their homes and came to be with him as well as change their lives to conform his teachings. Some of those healed by him as well opted to live by his side as well (The Life of St. Theodore of Sykeon, 2.2). Socrates during his presentation for his apology, his first words were that he was not sure if the

The Cold War Between The USSR And US

The Cold War Between The USSR And US The time in the Cold War era between 1945-1991 was a turbulent direction for both the newly amassed superpowers of the United States and Soviet Union. The cold war is referenced as a continuous time of military and political tension between powers of the United States with NATO and other allies and the Soviet Union with the Warsaw Pact and other allies. The Arms race in the Cold War, had profoundly negative effects on the opposing superpowers. These effects created a deteriorating relationship between the USA and the USSR, the Cuban Missile Crisis and contributed to the financial downfall of the Soviet Union in its final days. The United States and Russia have a much more acceptable relationship in the current day, but in the Cold War era, the hostilities rose to a near breaking point level. Hypothetically, if hostilities were not prevented in time, the world could have been permanently silenced through a potential Nuclear holocaust. The United States and the Soviet Union relationship during the Arms Race period in the Cold War era was one of unpredictable possibility; brimming with hostility and tension. The two nations promoted opposing political and economic ideology and the two nations competed for international control. This aroused a geopolitical, ideological, and economic struggle, lasting from 1947 to the period leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union on December 26, 1991. With Capitalism versus Communism as a constant factor; ever present between the two factions, relationships between governments and citizens of two began to disassemble. Stocking of Weapons of Mass Destruction, also kept the intimidation factor present along with unrivaled competition between both countries. With these factors present, the Mutual Assured Destruction doctrine of military strategy and national security policy was put into effect. M.A.D consisted of full-scale use of weapons of mass destruction by two rivaling sides. W hich, would effectively result in destruction of both the attacker and the defender, becoming a war that has no victory but only total destruction. With this as an ever present danger, both sides remained hostile but did not commit to weapon fire. Obviously knowing the dire consequences that would result. The compilation of Nuclear Armament was only one tool used between the two nations in this Silent War. Propaganda by both countries and assimilation of other nations by the U.S and Soviets was a factor as well. Propaganda posters consisted of anti-communist art on the US side while anti-capitalism was present on the Soviets side. With propaganda influencing citizens of both countries, any Necessary actions needed to be taken by either country, would have most likely been uncontested by civilians. Due to the rising hostilities and danger. Present danger not only due to Nuclear armaments, but from shadow wars as well. An example would be the communist occupation of Vietnam. War histo rians often say that the viet cong who fought aggressively against the United states, were only the tools of communist Russia to indirectly fight the united states. With immense numbers of casualties present for both vietnam and united states, relations between them soured. This war helped fuel the Russian machine to create more weapons and fuel communist encroachment upon other countries. This war was not only of contested territory, but a source of wealth for russia. With Viet-cong needing weapon and russia supplying them, wealth was made. The united states had discovered this and it became essentially a war against communism. The United States and Russia often had times of dà ©tente; which gave the race brief periods of break for negotiations and other settlements. The presence of periods eventually allowed the competing superpowers to come to a settlement and end superpower cold war/arms race, allowing the world to finally relax from pure tension. The Cuban missile crisis was the most severe Cold War confrontation between the United States and the USSR and that took place in October, 1962. The U.S. discovered that the Soviets were in the process of positioning nuclear missiles in Communist Cuba. The United States then tried to interrupt and stop the process by placing naval blockade to stop Soviet ships carrying missiles to Cuba. On October 22, U.S. military alert was set at Defcon 3 and Fidel Castro began to mobilizes all of his military forces. On October 24, Soviet ships entered the quarantine line placed by the US and received orders from Moscow to hold their positions while being backed up by Soviet reinforcements. President John F Kennedy concluded that if he attempted to invade within ten days, the missile bases in Cuba would likely fire a portion of the missiles at US targets. With the missiles armed with nuclear warheads, the result would have disastrous. On October 25, American military units were forced to enter Def con 2- the highest of all time in U.S. history. On October 26, Khrushchev received a cable message from Fidel Castro demanding a nuclear strike against the US in the event Cuba was actually invaded. The intensified moment of the Cuban Missile Crisis was during the evening of Saturday, 27 October 1962, when the negotiations of the crisis, had disappeared . Soviet ships didnt try to break the U.S naval blockade of Cuba, but, Soviet missile bases stayed on the island and were becoming operational and ready to fire. President Kennedy was pressured to order an air strike or invasion was increasing rapidly, especially after the American U-2 reconnaissance plane was taken down over in cuba that same Saturday afternoon and its pilot was unfortunately killed. Any hope of a resolution to the crisis that could be achieved between Washington and Moscow had begun to disappear. A letter from Soviet leader Khrushchev arrived on that Saturday morning demanding that the United States needed to agree to remove its Jupiter ballistic missiles from Turkey in for the Soviets removal of missiles from Cuba. Khrushchev`s letter was felt to U.S. officials as an ominous event of the Soviet decision from the older letter from Khrushchev, didnt mention the U.S missiles in Turkey but instead implied that Washingtons agreement not to invade Cuba at the time would have been sufficient to end the need for Soviet`s nuclear protection of Castros government. On October 28, the crisis finally ends with the U.S agreement to remove their Jupiter missiles from Turkey. During a speech aired on Moscow Radio, Khrushchev announced the process of dismantling the Soviet missiles in Cuba and insisted on his demands concerning the elimination of U.S. missiles from Turkey. During the Cuban missile crisis, both superpowers discovered that risking war in pursuit of political ideals and gain was intelligibly too dangerous. It was the final event during the Cold War that both sides would escalate hostilities to create a hazard of this level. Even after the Crisis, the USSR and U.S still imposed their competition in conflicts in other locations of the planet . Africas independent nations such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo, received military interruption from the United States and the USSR. In this era, Cuba played a significant role alongside the USSR. The Chinese, who were now cautious of the USSR, participated against them on the side of the United States. The early 1980s was the concluding area of disputes between the United States and the USSR, resulting directly from the 1979 Soviets invasion of Afghanistan to establish and create a Communist regime. In 1983, president Ronald Reagan announced the creation of Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI). SDI is was brought forward as a satellite defense system, which would destroy incoming missiles in space. During August of 1985, the Soviet Union announced a nuclear testing pausing. In December of 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev and President Reagan signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces; the first arms accord signed by both Washington and Moscow that calls for the elimination the intermediate-range ballistic missiles. During July of 1991, the U.S. and the USSR signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Act finally ceasing anything related to a Cold War or an Arms race. The world was finally at peace from a possible Nuclear fallout. The downfall of Soviet Union can be connected to the Arms race between the two superpowers of the U.S and the USSR. The results from the arms race left too much unused waste material, such as the stockpile of nuclear warheads and costed both superpowers a hefty sum. The Soviets continued to invest too much currency into their government to keep up with the U.S. The Soviets had to increase effort to reach where they were before the escalation and the results to this upsurge were not pleasant. The Soviet economy was becoming stagnant, while their military spending passed the threshold of acceptable. President Reagans Defense Initiative was a threat that needed to be countered, and the Soviets threw increased amounts of money at the military . The US had spent about 18% of its Gross Domestic Product at their military, while the Soviets were spending up to 35%. This resulted in Russia bankrupting itself. There was far too much nepotism of government elites, and tampering with the account s and ledgers to fulfil the plans. The Soviet economy was becoming stagnant, while their military spending passed the threshold of acceptable. To stop all stagnation occurring, Gorbachev introduced the ideals of Glasnost and Perestroika to patch the communist system, and make it work more suitable. All it really did was allow people to openly criticise their system and soon there was a calling for it to be replaced by citizens. The Communist ideology was not delivering theparadise for workers the government had promised, wages were stagnant, housing was poor, transport was difficult and from the lifestyle was extremely different from the West. Soviet children were becoming languor of being told that they watch certain films, that they couldnt listen to music from the west, and listen to Western Radio station. Glasnost had allowed them to speak out against their regime and allowed them to listen music they chose. In the Republics, people were becoming tired of the Soviets. Citizens w anted to govern themselves, or have more choice within the Soviet idea, but the government would not falter. Glasnost created the opportunity where they could criticise and begin to organise themselves. Eventually the people in the Republics started protesting, requesting independence, and after the collapse of the union, it was achieved. The event that finally ceased the Soviet Union into the history was the failed coup of August 1991. Communist associates attempted to remove Gorbachev from office, and place in a more stalinist style government. In two months of the coup the Soviet Union was no longer existed. In all of this, was the fact that the state elite no longer believed in communism ideals, and began to see how capitalism gave the chance to gain wealth like their Western rivals earn. The elite abandoned any previous thoughts of communism from 1989 and below, setting up banks and businesses and taking ownership of the companies where they worked. The final revolution had end ed the Soviet Union. In conclusion, the Arms race in the Cold War era between the USSR and U.S in 1945-1991 was a poor situation for both superpowers. The Arms race in the Cold War, had negative results on the opposing superpowers. Due to the cold war being a continuous state of political and military tension between the United States with NATO and other allies; against powers like the Soviet Union with the Warsaw Pact and other allies.These effects created a deteriorating relationship between the USA and the USSR, the Cuban Missile Crisis and contributed to the financial downfall of the Soviet Union in its final days. The United States and Russia have a much more acceptable relationship in the current day, but in the Cold War era, the hostilities rose to a near breaking point level. The events that occured, created a time in history that can be referenced for many generations of how competing ideologies and too much power competition between superpower countries can result in dire situations like the of October 25 of 1962 if not handled correctly.

Calculus

This is a take-home exam. You may consult different sources of information including but not limited to class notes, homework and/or textbook. You may also collaborate with your classmates but you must write your own solutions. It is fairly obvious when a student is Just copying the work from an external source; if I deem a solution has just been copied I may give you a warning for Academic Dishonesty (ADD for short).Solutions to some of these problems are available elsewhere, if you happen to come cross one of them you should make your best effort to understand it, then write your own using your ideas and understanding of the topics. Question: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total Points: 25 20 200 Score: Please do not answer the questions in the limited space provided; use scratch paper and attach it to this cover page. Name: Signature: Page 1 of 6 Please go on to the next page†¦ Questions (10 puts) 1. I. Use Roller's theorem to prove that f x ex. root . 013 xx 2 has at most one real Hint: If has two roots (say a and b) then FAA Feb. O. What does Roller's theorem say in this situation? (1 5 puts) it. Let f be continuous on a, and differentiable on a, b . Show that there exists c a, b such that the tangent at c, FCC is parallel to the secant through a, FAA and b, Feb. . In other words, show that FAA Equation (1) is known as the Mean Value Theorem formula. Hint: Apply Roller's theorem on a, to the function G x Feb. FAA Feb. Keep in mind that a, FAA , b and Feb. are constants. 2.True or false. (5 puts) I. Iffy O, f is neither concave up nor concave down around x a. I. It. If is continuous on a, b and c iii. If f is continuous but not necessarily differentiable on O, then the absolute maximum and the absolute minimum off exist. V. If f is differentiable on a, b then it is also continuous on a, b and the absolute maximum and absolute minimum exist. V. If x a corresponds to an inflection point off , then f ii a around x a. A, b is a local maximizes then fix O. O and f ii x changes sign 3.Henry is pulling on a rope that passes through a pulley on a MM t pole and is attached to a wagon. Assume that the rope is attached to a loop on the wagon 2 Ft off the ground. Let x be the distance between the loop and the pole (see figure 1). (10 puts) I. Find a formula for the speed of the wagon in terms of x and the rate at which Henry lulls the rope. We say that x a is a root (or is a zero) off x , if FAA O. We say thatch is a local maximizes if f c is a local maximum. Page 2 of 6 Henry Figure 1: Henry pulling the wagon from problem 3. 10 puts) it. Find the speed of the wagon when it is 12 Ft from the pole, assuming that Henry pulls the rope at a rate of 1. 5 Ft sec. (25 puts) 4. Olav Adagio -a former student of mine- was asked to sketch the graph of a function. Unfortunately Olav often forgets things. Luckily for you, he wrote down some statements. Regarding the function f x , he wrote: * It is only defined on , and it is continuous. * It is strictly positive, e xcept at x 2 and x O where its value is zero. *f 2 2, f 3 1, and f 4 1. 1 when x O.Regarding if x , he wrote: XSL * On the interval (-2, 1) it exists only at those points where g x is well defined. Moreover, it is positive when g is positive; negative when g is negative; and zero when g is zero. * On the interval (1,2) it is identically equal to zero. * On the interval (2,4) it is negative. Lastly, regarding f ii x , he wrote: * On (-2, 1) it exists whenever h x signs on this interval. Is well defined. They also have opposite On (2,4) it changes sign from negative to positive at x 3. Help Olav sketch the graph off .Make sure to clearly identify the local and global extreme as well as the inflection points. 5. A piece of wire 24 CM long is given to you. You can choose to either cut it into two pieces or leave it the way it is. If you decide to cut it, one piece must be bent into the Page 3 of 6 shape of a square, while the remaining one must be bent into the shape of a circle. If you decide not to cut it, you can bend it into either shape. (5 puts) I. Denoting by x the length of the piece of the wire that will be bent into the shape of circle, obtain an expression for the area enclosed by the wire.Make sure that the formula works regardless of whether or not the wire is bent into one or two pieces. (20 puts) it. Find the maximum area that can be enclosed by the wire. Explain how this area can be obtained by specifying the dimensions (ii. , length of sides and/or radius) of the objects to be constructed. The following facts might come in handy: If a square has perimeter.

Kennedy’s New Frontier

The New Frontier a term used by John F. Kennedy in his inaugural speech in 1960 that revealed Presidents Kennedy's intention to create programs to aid in economic, International and social issues with a clear focus on key points such as Increasing the economy, creating international aid programs, adding to national defense, and the creation of a more ambitious space program. Although met with resistance from congress President Kennedy was able to fulfill some of the Initiatives mapped In his acceptance speech.Economically, he was able to pass bills providing financial lad to depressed Industrial and rural areas (Davidson, 2005), Increased the minimum wage and blocked big business from price gauging. Socially, he was an advocate for call rights for minorities and women. Internationally, President Kennedy accomplished two major agendas with creation of the Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress. The peace Corps concentration was education In poorer nations and the Alliance forProgre ss focused on assisting Latin American with health and education. President Kennedy increased the armed forces ground troops and signed an agreement with the Soviet union to limit nuclear testing to underground only. He also advocated the expansion of the U. S. Space program including challenging congress to authorize a manned space mission to the moon in efforts to surpass the Russian cosmonaut orbiting the world after Kennedy's inauguration.Despite resistance from Congress ND his untimely death President Kennedy's New Frontier Program in many ways was considered a great success by influencing reform socially, economically. Internationally and politically. References Davidson, J. (2005). Nations of nations: A concise narrative of the American republic. New York: McGraw-Hill. New Frontier. (2012, March 24). In Wisped, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:33, April 13, 2012, from http://en. Wisped. Org/w/index. PH? Title-New Kennedy’s New Frontier The New Frontier a term used by John F. Kennedy in his inaugural speech in 1960 that revealed Presidents Kennedy's intention to create programs to aid in economic, International and social issues with a clear focus on key points such as Increasing the economy, creating international aid programs, adding to national defense, and the creation of a more ambitious space program. Although met with resistance from congress President Kennedy was able to fulfill some of the Initiatives mapped In his acceptance speech.Economically, he was able to pass bills providing financial lad to depressed Industrial and rural areas (Davidson, 2005), Increased the minimum wage and blocked big business from price gauging. Socially, he was an advocate for call rights for minorities and women. Internationally, President Kennedy accomplished two major agendas with creation of the Peace Corps and the Alliance for Progress. The peace Corps concentration was education In poorer nations and the Alliance forProgre ss focused on assisting Latin American with health and education. President Kennedy increased the armed forces ground troops and signed an agreement with the Soviet union to limit nuclear testing to underground only. He also advocated the expansion of the U. S. Space program including challenging congress to authorize a manned space mission to the moon in efforts to surpass the Russian cosmonaut orbiting the world after Kennedy's inauguration.Despite resistance from Congress ND his untimely death President Kennedy's New Frontier Program in many ways was considered a great success by influencing reform socially, economically. Internationally and politically. References Davidson, J. (2005). Nations of nations: A concise narrative of the American republic. New York: McGraw-Hill. New Frontier. (2012, March 24). In Wisped, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 05:33, April 13, 2012, from http://en. Wisped. Org/w/index. PH? Title-New

Quotes From Charles Dickenss Oliver Twist

Charles Dickens second novel, Oliver Twist, is the story of an orphan growing up among criminals in London, England. The book, one of Dickenss most popular works, is known for its harsh depiction of poverty, child labor, and life in the London slums of the mid-19th century. Poverty Oliver Twist was published at a time when many of Dickens countrymen were living in great poverty. The most unfortunate were sent to workhouses, where they received food and lodging in exchange for their labor. The protagonist of Dickenss novel ends up in such a workhouse as a child. To earn his gruel, Oliver spends his days picking oakum. Please, sir, I want some more. (Oliver, Chapter 2) Oliver Twist has asked for more! (Mr. Bumble, Chapter 2) I am very hungry and tired...I have walked a long way. I have been walking these seven days. (Oliver, Chapter 8) Bleak, dark, and piercing cold, it was a night for the well-housed and fed to draw round the bright fire, and thank God they were at home; and for the homeless starving wretch to lay him down and die. Many hunger-worn outcasts close their eyes in our bare streets at such times, who, let their crimes have been what they may, can hardly open them in a more bitter world. (Chapter 23) Human Nature Dickens was admired not only as a novelist but also as a social critic, and in Oliver Twist, he uses his sharp eye to dissect the weaknesses of human nature. The social canvas of the novel, which includes the poor underclass of London and the criminal justice system designed to contain it, allows Dickens to explore what happens when humans are reduced to the basest conditions. The doctor seemed especially troubled by the fact of the robbery having been unexpected, and attempted in the night-time; as if it were the established custom of gentlemen in the housebreaking way to transact business at noon, and to make an appointment, by the twopenny post, a day or two previous. (Chapter 7) Although Oliver had been brought up by philosophers, he was not theoretically acquainted with the beautiful axiom that self-preservation is the first law of nature. (Chapter 10) There is a passion for hunting something deeply implanted in the human breast. (Chapter 10) But death, fires, and burglary, make all men equals. (Chapter 28) Such is the influence which the condition of our own thoughts, exercises, even over the appearance of external objects. Men who look on nature, and their fellow-men, and cry that all is dark and gloomy, are in the right; but the sombre colours are reflections from their own jaundiced eyes and hearts. The real hues are delicate, and need a clearer vision. (Chapter 33) Oh! the suspense: the fearful, acute suspense of standing idly by while the life of one we dearly love, is trembling in the balance; the racking thoughts that crowd upon the mind, and make the heart beat violently, and the breath come thick, by the force of the images they conjure up before it; the desperate anxiety  to be doing something  to relieve the pain, or lessen the danger, which we have no power to alleviate; the sinking of soul and spirit, which the sad remembrance of our helplessness produces; what tortures can equal these; what reflections of endeavours can, in the full tide and fever of the time, allay them! (Chapter 33) Society and Class As the story of a poor orphan and, more generally, the downtrodden, Oliver Twist is filled with Dickens thoughts about the role of class in English society. The author is highly critical of the institutions that protect the upper classes while leaving the poor to starve and die. Throughout the book, Dickens raises questions about how society organizes itself and treats its worst-off members. Why everybody lets him alone enough, for the matter of that. Neither his father nor his mother will ever interfere with him. All his relations let him have his own way pretty well. (Noah, Chapter 5) I only know two sorts of boys. Mealy boys, and beef-faced boys. (Mr. Grimwig, Chapter 10) Dignity, and even holiness too, sometimes, are more questions of coat and waistcoat than some people imagine. (Chapter 37) We need be careful how we deal with those about us, when every death carries to some small circle of survivors, thoughts of so much omitted, and so little done- of so many things forgotten, and so many more which might have been repaired! There is no remorse so deep as that which is unavailing; if we would be spared its tortures, let us remember this, in time. (Chapter 8) The sun—the bright sun, that brings back, not light alone, but new life, and hope, and freshness to man—burst upon the crowded city in clear and radiant glory. Through costly-coloured glass and paper-mended window, through cathedral dome and rotten crevice, it shed its equal ray.  (Chapter 46)